HLE: Refactoring of ApplicationLoader (#4480)

* HLE: Refactoring of ApplicationLoader

* Fix SDL2 Headless

* Addresses gdkchan feedback

* Fixes LoadUnpackedNca RomFS loading

* remove useless casting

* Cleanup and fixe empty application name

* Remove ProcessInfo

* Fixes typo

* ActiveProcess to ActiveApplication

* Update check

* Clean using.

* Use the correct filepath when loading Homebrew.npdm

* Fix NRE in ProcessResult if MetaLoader is null

* Add more checks for valid processId & return success

* Add missing logging statement for npdm error

* Return result for LoadKip()

* Move error logging out of PFS load extension method

This avoids logging "Could not find Main NCA"
followed by "Loading main..." when trying to start hbl.

* Fix GUIs not checking load results

* Fix style and formatting issues

* Fix formatting and wording

* gtk: Refactor LoadApplication()

---------

Co-authored-by: TSR Berry <20988865+TSRBerry@users.noreply.github.com>

9 files changed, 1412 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/FileSystemExtensions.cs b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/FileSystemExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..58759ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/FileSystemExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Executables;
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using System.Linq;
+using static Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.ModLoader;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions
+{
+    static class FileSystemExtensions
+    {
+        public static MetaLoader GetNpdm(this IFileSystem fileSystem)
+        {
+            MetaLoader metaLoader = new();
+
+            if (fileSystem == null || !fileSystem.FileExists(ProcessConst.MainNpdmPath))
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "NPDM file not found, using default values!");
+
+                metaLoader.LoadDefault();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                metaLoader.LoadFromFile(fileSystem);
+            }
+
+            return metaLoader;
+        }
+
+        public static ProcessResult Load(this IFileSystem exeFs, Switch device, BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> nacpData, MetaLoader metaLoader, bool isHomebrew = false)
+        {
+            ulong programId = metaLoader.GetProgramId();
+
+            // Replace the whole ExeFs partition by the modded one.
+            if (device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ReplaceExefsPartition(programId, ref exeFs))
+            {
+                metaLoader = null;
+            }
+
+            // Reload the MetaLoader in case of ExeFs partition replacement.
+            metaLoader ??= exeFs.GetNpdm();
+
+            NsoExecutable[] nsoExecutables = new NsoExecutable[ProcessConst.ExeFsPrefixes.Length];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < nsoExecutables.Length; i++)
+            {
+                string name = ProcessConst.ExeFsPrefixes[i];
+
+                if (!exeFs.FileExists($"/{name}"))
+                {
+                    continue; // File doesn't exist, skip.
+                }
+
+                Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Loading {name}...");
+
+                using var nsoFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                exeFs.OpenFile(ref nsoFile.Ref, $"/{name}".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+                nsoExecutables[i] = new NsoExecutable(nsoFile.Release().AsStorage(), name);
+            }
+
+            // ExeFs file replacements.
+            ModLoadResult modLoadResult = device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ApplyExefsMods(programId, nsoExecutables);
+
+            // Take the Npdm from mods if present.
+            if (modLoadResult.Npdm != null)
+            {
+                metaLoader = modLoadResult.Npdm;
+            }
+
+            // Collect the Nsos, ignoring ones that aren't used.
+            nsoExecutables = nsoExecutables.Where(x => x != null).ToArray();
+
+            // Apply Nsos patches.
+            device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ApplyNsoPatches(programId, nsoExecutables);
+
+            // Don't use PTC if ExeFS files have been replaced.
+            bool enablePtc = device.System.EnablePtc && !modLoadResult.Modified;
+            if (!enablePtc)
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"Detected unsupported ExeFs modifications. PTC disabled.");
+            }
+
+            // We allow it for nx-hbloader because it can be used to launch homebrew.
+            bool allowCodeMemoryForJit = programId == 0x010000000000100DUL || isHomebrew;
+
+            string programName = "";
+
+            if (!isHomebrew && programId > 0x010000000000FFFF)
+            {
+                programName = nacpData.Value.Title[(int)device.System.State.DesiredTitleLanguage].NameString.ToString();
+
+                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(programName))
+                {
+                    programName = nacpData.Value.Title.ItemsRo.ToArray().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name[0] != 0).NameString.ToString();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Initialize GPU.
+            Graphics.Gpu.GraphicsConfig.TitleId = $"{programId:x16}";
+            device.Gpu.HostInitalized.Set();
+
+            if (!MemoryBlock.SupportsFlags(MemoryAllocationFlags.ViewCompatible))
+            {
+                device.Configuration.MemoryManagerMode = MemoryManagerMode.SoftwarePageTable;
+            }
+
+            ProcessResult processResult = ProcessLoaderHelper.LoadNsos(
+                device,
+                device.System.KernelContext,
+                metaLoader,
+                nacpData.Value,
+                enablePtc,
+                allowCodeMemoryForJit,
+                programName,
+                metaLoader.GetProgramId(),
+                null,
+                nsoExecutables);
+
+            // TODO: This should be stored using ProcessId instead.
+            device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.ArpIReader.ApplicationId = new LibHac.ApplicationId(metaLoader.GetProgramId());
+
+            return processResult;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/LocalFileSystemExtensions.cs b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/LocalFileSystemExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28d90785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/LocalFileSystemExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions;
+using ApplicationId = LibHac.Ncm.ApplicationId;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
+{
+    static class LocalFileSystemExtensions
+    {
+        public static ProcessResult Load(this LocalFileSystem exeFs, Switch device, string romFsPath = "")
+        {
+            MetaLoader metaLoader = exeFs.GetNpdm();
+            var        nacpData   = new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1);
+            ulong      programId  = metaLoader.GetProgramId();
+
+            device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.CollectMods(
+                new[] { programId },
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetModsBasePath(),
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetSdModsBasePath());
+
+            if (programId != 0)
+            {
+                ProcessLoaderHelper.EnsureSaveData(device, new ApplicationId(programId), nacpData);
+            }
+
+            ProcessResult processResult = exeFs.Load(device, nacpData, metaLoader);
+
+            // Load RomFS.
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(romFsPath))
+            {
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.LoadRomFs(processResult.ProcessId, romFsPath);
+            }
+
+            return processResult;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/MetaLoaderExtensions.cs b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/MetaLoaderExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c639ee52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/MetaLoaderExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Util;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions
+{
+    public static class MetaLoaderExtensions
+    {
+        public static ulong GetProgramId(this MetaLoader metaLoader)
+        {
+            metaLoader.GetNpdm(out var npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            return npdm.Aci.ProgramId.Value;
+        }
+
+        public static string GetProgramName(this MetaLoader metaLoader)
+        {
+            metaLoader.GetNpdm(out var npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            return StringUtils.Utf8ZToString(npdm.Meta.ProgramName);
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsProgram64Bit(this MetaLoader metaLoader)
+        {
+            metaLoader.GetNpdm(out var npdm).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            return (npdm.Meta.Flags & 1) != 0;
+        }
+
+        public static void LoadDefault(this MetaLoader metaLoader)
+        {
+            byte[] npdmBuffer = EmbeddedResources.Read("Ryujinx.HLE/Homebrew.npdm");
+
+            metaLoader.Load(npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
+        }
+
+        public static void LoadFromFile(this MetaLoader metaLoader, IFileSystem fileSystem, string path = "")
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
+            {
+                path = ProcessConst.MainNpdmPath;
+            }
+
+            using var npdmFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+            fileSystem.OpenFile(ref npdmFile.Ref, path.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            npdmFile.Get.GetSize(out long fileSize).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            Span<byte> npdmBuffer = new byte[fileSize];
+
+            npdmFile.Get.Read(out _, 0, npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            metaLoader.Load(npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/NcaExtensions.cs b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/NcaExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..473f374d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/NcaExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+using LibHac;
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Ncm;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem.NcaUtils;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using ApplicationId = LibHac.Ncm.ApplicationId;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions
+{
+    static class NcaExtensions
+    {
+        public static ProcessResult Load(this Nca nca, Switch device, Nca patchNca, Nca controlNca)
+        {
+            // Extract RomFs and ExeFs from NCA.
+            IStorage    romFs = nca.GetRomFs(device, patchNca);
+            IFileSystem exeFs = nca.GetExeFs(device, patchNca);
+
+            if (exeFs == null)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "No ExeFS found in NCA");
+
+                return ProcessResult.Failed;
+            }
+
+            // Load Npdm file.
+            MetaLoader metaLoader = exeFs.GetNpdm();
+
+            // Collecting mods related to AocTitleIds and ProgramId.
+            device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.CollectMods(
+                device.Configuration.ContentManager.GetAocTitleIds().Prepend(metaLoader.GetProgramId()),
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetModsBasePath(),
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.GetSdModsBasePath());
+
+            // Load Nacp file.
+            var nacpData = new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1);
+
+            if (controlNca != null)
+            {
+                nacpData = controlNca.GetNacp(device);
+            }
+
+            /* TODO: Rework this since it's wrong and doesn't work as it takes the DisplayVersion from a "potential" inexistant update.
+
+            // Load program 0 control NCA as we are going to need it for display version.
+            (_, Nca updateProgram0ControlNca) = GetGameUpdateData(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem, mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), 0, out _);
+
+            // NOTE: Nintendo doesn't guarantee that the display version will be updated on sub programs when updating a multi program application.
+            //       As such, to avoid PTC cache confusion, we only trust the program 0 display version when launching a sub program.
+            if (updateProgram0ControlNca != null && _device.Configuration.UserChannelPersistence.Index != 0)
+            {
+                nacpData.Value.DisplayVersion = updateProgram0ControlNca.GetNacp(_device).Value.DisplayVersion;
+            }
+
+            */
+
+            ProcessResult processResult = exeFs.Load(device, nacpData, metaLoader);
+
+            // Load RomFS.
+            if (romFs == null)
+            {
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "No RomFS found in NCA");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                romFs = device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.ApplyRomFsMods(processResult.ProgramId, romFs);
+
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.SetRomFs(processResult.ProcessId, romFs.AsStream(FileAccess.Read));
+            }
+
+            // Don't create save data for system programs.
+            if (processResult.ProgramId != 0 && (processResult.ProgramId < SystemProgramId.Start.Value || processResult.ProgramId > SystemAppletId.End.Value))
+            {
+                // Multi-program applications can technically use any program ID for the main program, but in practice they always use 0 in the low nibble.
+                // We'll know if this changes in the future because applications will get errors when trying to mount the correct save.
+                ProcessLoaderHelper.EnsureSaveData(device, new ApplicationId(processResult.ProgramId & ~0xFul), nacpData);
+            }
+
+            return processResult;
+        }
+
+        public static int GetProgramIndex(this Nca nca)
+        {
+            return (int)(nca.Header.TitleId & 0xF);
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsProgram(this Nca nca)
+        {
+            return nca.Header.ContentType == NcaContentType.Program;
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsPatch(this Nca nca)
+        {
+            int dataIndex = Nca.GetSectionIndexFromType(NcaSectionType.Data, NcaContentType.Program);
+
+            return nca.IsProgram() && nca.SectionExists(NcaSectionType.Data) && nca.Header.GetFsHeader(dataIndex).IsPatchSection();
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsControl(this Nca nca)
+        {
+            return nca.Header.ContentType == NcaContentType.Control;
+        }
+
+        public static IFileSystem GetExeFs(this Nca nca, Switch device, Nca patchNca = null)
+        {
+            IFileSystem exeFs = null;
+
+            if (patchNca == null)
+            {
+                if (nca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Code))
+                {
+                    exeFs = nca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Code, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (patchNca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Code))
+                {
+                    exeFs = nca.OpenFileSystemWithPatch(patchNca, NcaSectionType.Code, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return exeFs;
+        }
+
+        public static IStorage GetRomFs(this Nca nca, Switch device, Nca patchNca = null)
+        {
+            IStorage romFs = null;
+
+            if (patchNca == null)
+            {
+                if (nca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Data))
+                {
+                    romFs = nca.OpenStorage(NcaSectionType.Data, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (patchNca.CanOpenSection(NcaSectionType.Data))
+                {
+                    romFs = nca.OpenStorageWithPatch(patchNca, NcaSectionType.Data, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return romFs;
+        }
+
+        public static BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> GetNacp(this Nca controlNca, Switch device)
+        {
+            var nacpData = new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1);
+
+            using var controlFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+            Result result = controlNca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Data, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel)
+                                      .OpenFile(ref controlFile.Ref, "/control.nacp".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
+
+            if (result.IsSuccess())
+            {
+                result = controlFile.Get.Read(out long bytesRead, 0, nacpData.ByteSpan, ReadOption.None);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                nacpData.ByteSpan.Clear();
+            }
+
+            return nacpData;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/PartitionFileSystemExtensions.cs b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/PartitionFileSystemExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5147f5c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/Extensions/PartitionFileSystemExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
+using LibHac.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Tools.Fs;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem.NcaUtils;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Utilities;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions
+{
+    public static class PartitionFileSystemExtensions
+    {
+        internal static (bool, ProcessResult) TryLoad(this PartitionFileSystem partitionFileSystem, Switch device, string path, out string errorMessage)
+        {
+            errorMessage = null;
+
+            // Load required NCAs.
+            Nca mainNca    = null;
+            Nca patchNca   = null;
+            Nca controlNca = null;
+
+            try
+            {
+                device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ImportTickets(partitionFileSystem);
+
+                // TODO: To support multi-games container, this should use CNMT NCA instead.
+                foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in partitionFileSystem.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
+                {
+                    Nca nca = partitionFileSystem.GetNca(device, fileEntry.FullPath);
+
+                    if (nca.GetProgramIndex() != device.Configuration.UserChannelPersistence.Index)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (nca.IsPatch())
+                    {
+                        patchNca = nca;
+                    }
+                    else if (nca.IsProgram())
+                    {
+                        mainNca = nca;
+                    }
+                    else if (nca.IsControl())
+                    {
+                        controlNca = nca;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                ProcessLoaderHelper.RegisterProgramMapInfo(device, partitionFileSystem).ThrowIfFailure();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                errorMessage = $"Unable to load: {ex.Message}";
+
+                return (false, ProcessResult.Failed);
+            }
+
+            if (mainNca != null)
+            {
+                if (mainNca.Header.ContentType != NcaContentType.Program)
+                {
+                    errorMessage = "Selected NCA file is not a \"Program\" NCA";
+
+                    return (false, ProcessResult.Failed);
+                }
+
+                // Load Update NCAs.
+                Nca updatePatchNca = null;
+                Nca updateControlNca = null;
+
+                if (ulong.TryParse(mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out ulong titleIdBase))
+                {
+                    // Clear the program index part.
+                    titleIdBase &= ~0xFUL;
+
+                    // Load update information if exists.
+                    string titleUpdateMetadataPath = System.IO.Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, titleIdBase.ToString("x16"), "updates.json");
+                    if (File.Exists(titleUpdateMetadataPath))
+                    {
+                        string updatePath = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile<TitleUpdateMetadata>(titleUpdateMetadataPath).Selected;
+                        if (File.Exists(updatePath))
+                        {
+                            PartitionFileSystem updatePartitionFileSystem = new(new FileStream(updatePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read).AsStorage());
+
+                            device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ImportTickets(updatePartitionFileSystem);
+
+                            // TODO: This should use CNMT NCA instead.
+                            foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in updatePartitionFileSystem.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
+                            {
+                                Nca nca = updatePartitionFileSystem.GetNca(device, fileEntry.FullPath);
+
+                                if (nca.GetProgramIndex() != device.Configuration.UserChannelPersistence.Index)
+                                {
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+
+                                if ($"{nca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16")[..^3]}000" != titleIdBase.ToString("x16"))
+                                {
+                                    break;
+                                }
+
+                                if (nca.IsProgram())
+                                {
+                                    updatePatchNca = nca;
+                                }
+                                else if (nca.IsControl())
+                                {
+                                    updateControlNca = nca;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (updatePatchNca != null)
+                {
+                    patchNca = updatePatchNca;
+                }
+
+                if (updateControlNca != null)
+                {
+                    controlNca = updateControlNca;
+                }
+
+                // Load contained DownloadableContents.
+                // TODO: If we want to support multi-processes in future, we shouldn't clear AddOnContent data here.
+                device.Configuration.ContentManager.ClearAocData();
+                device.Configuration.ContentManager.AddAocData(partitionFileSystem, path, mainNca.Header.TitleId, device.Configuration.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
+
+                // Load DownloadableContents.
+                string addOnContentMetadataPath = System.IO.Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, mainNca.Header.TitleId.ToString("x16"), "dlc.json");
+                if (File.Exists(addOnContentMetadataPath))
+                {
+                    List<DownloadableContentContainer> dlcContainerList = JsonHelper.DeserializeFromFile<List<DownloadableContentContainer>>(addOnContentMetadataPath);
+
+                    foreach (DownloadableContentContainer downloadableContentContainer in dlcContainerList)
+                    {
+                        foreach (DownloadableContentNca downloadableContentNca in downloadableContentContainer.DownloadableContentNcaList)
+                        {
+                            if (File.Exists(downloadableContentContainer.ContainerPath) && downloadableContentNca.Enabled)
+                            {
+                                device.Configuration.ContentManager.AddAocItem(downloadableContentNca.TitleId, downloadableContentContainer.ContainerPath, downloadableContentNca.FullPath);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Cannot find AddOnContent file {downloadableContentContainer.ContainerPath}. It may have been moved or renamed.");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return (true, mainNca.Load(device, patchNca, controlNca));
+            }
+
+            errorMessage = "Unable to load: Could not find Main NCA";
+
+            return (false, ProcessResult.Failed);
+        }
+
+        public static Nca GetNca(this IFileSystem fileSystem, Switch device, string path)
+        {
+            using var ncaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+            fileSystem.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref, path.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+            return new Nca(device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.Release().AsStorage());
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessConst.cs b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessConst.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42ae2e89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessConst.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
+{
+    static class ProcessConst
+    {
+        // Binaries from exefs are loaded into mem in this order. Do not change.
+        public static readonly string[] ExeFsPrefixes =
+        {
+            "rtld",
+            "main",
+            "subsdk0",
+            "subsdk1",
+            "subsdk2",
+            "subsdk3",
+            "subsdk4",
+            "subsdk5",
+            "subsdk6",
+            "subsdk7",
+            "subsdk8",
+            "subsdk9",
+            "sdk"
+        };
+
+        public static readonly string MainNpdmPath = "/main.npdm";
+
+        public const int NroAsetMagic = ('A' << 0) | ('S' << 8) | ('E' << 16) | ('T' << 24);
+
+        public const bool AslrEnabled = true;
+
+        public const int NsoArgsHeaderSize = 8;
+        public const int NsoArgsDataSize   = 0x9000;
+        public const int NsoArgsTotalSize  = NsoArgsHeaderSize + NsoArgsDataSize;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessLoader.cs b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessLoader.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..785db0e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessLoader.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
+using LibHac.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using LibHac.Tools.Fs;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem.NcaUtils;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Executables;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using Path = System.IO.Path;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
+{
+    public class ProcessLoader
+    {
+        private readonly Switch _device;
+
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, ProcessResult> _processesByPid;
+
+        private ulong _latestPid;
+
+        public ProcessResult ActiveApplication => _processesByPid[_latestPid];
+
+        public ProcessLoader(Switch device)
+        {
+            _device         = device;
+            _processesByPid = new ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, ProcessResult>();
+        }
+
+        public bool LoadXci(string path)
+        {
+            FileStream stream = new(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            Xci        xci    = new(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.KeySet, stream.AsStorage());
+
+            if (!xci.HasPartition(XciPartitionType.Secure))
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, "Unable to load XCI: Could not find XCI Secure partition");
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            (bool success, ProcessResult processResult) = xci.OpenPartition(XciPartitionType.Secure).TryLoad(_device, path, out string errorMessage);
+
+            if (!success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, errorMessage, nameof(PartitionFileSystemExtensions.TryLoad));
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (processResult.ProcessId != 0 && _processesByPid.TryAdd(processResult.ProcessId, processResult))
+            {
+                if (processResult.Start(_device))
+                {
+                    _latestPid = processResult.ProcessId;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool LoadNsp(string path)
+        {
+            FileStream          file                = new(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            PartitionFileSystem partitionFileSystem = new(file.AsStorage());
+
+            (bool success, ProcessResult processResult) = partitionFileSystem.TryLoad(_device, path, out string errorMessage);
+
+            if (processResult.ProcessId == 0)
+            {
+                // This is not a normal NSP, it's actually a ExeFS as a NSP
+                processResult = partitionFileSystem.Load(_device, new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1), partitionFileSystem.GetNpdm(), true);
+            }
+
+            if (processResult.ProcessId != 0 && _processesByPid.TryAdd(processResult.ProcessId, processResult))
+            {
+                if (processResult.Start(_device))
+                {
+                    _latestPid = processResult.ProcessId;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, errorMessage, nameof(PartitionFileSystemExtensions.TryLoad));
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool LoadNca(string path)
+        {
+            FileStream file = new(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            Nca        nca  = new(_device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.KeySet, file.AsStorage(false));
+
+            ProcessResult processResult = nca.Load(_device, null, null);
+
+            if (processResult.ProcessId != 0 && _processesByPid.TryAdd(processResult.ProcessId, processResult))
+            {
+                if (processResult.Start(_device))
+                {
+                    // NOTE: Check if process is SystemApplicationId or ApplicationId
+                    if (processResult.ProgramId > 0x01000000000007FF)
+                    {
+                        _latestPid = processResult.ProcessId;
+                    }
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool LoadUnpackedNca(string exeFsDirPath, string romFsPath = null)
+        {
+            ProcessResult processResult = new LocalFileSystem(exeFsDirPath).Load(_device, romFsPath);
+
+            if (processResult.ProcessId != 0 && _processesByPid.TryAdd(processResult.ProcessId, processResult))
+            {
+                if (processResult.Start(_device))
+                {
+                    _latestPid = processResult.ProcessId;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool LoadNxo(string path)
+        {
+            var         nacpData    = new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1);
+            IFileSystem dummyExeFs  = null;
+            Stream      romfsStream = null;
+
+            string programName = "";
+            ulong  programId   = 0000000000000000;
+
+            // Load executable.
+            IExecutable executable;
+
+            if (Path.GetExtension(path).ToLower() == ".nro")
+            {
+                FileStream    input = new(path, FileMode.Open);
+                NroExecutable nro   = new(input.AsStorage());
+
+                executable = nro;
+
+                // Open RomFS if exists.
+                IStorage romFsStorage = nro.OpenNroAssetSection(LibHac.Tools.Ro.NroAssetType.RomFs, false);
+                romFsStorage.GetSize(out long romFsSize).ThrowIfFailure();
+                if (romFsSize != 0)
+                {
+                    romfsStream = romFsStorage.AsStream();
+                }
+
+                // Load Nacp if exists.
+                IStorage nacpStorage = nro.OpenNroAssetSection(LibHac.Tools.Ro.NroAssetType.Nacp, false);
+                nacpStorage.GetSize(out long nacpSize).ThrowIfFailure();
+                if (nacpSize != 0)
+                {
+                    nacpStorage.Read(0, nacpData.ByteSpan);
+
+                    programName = nacpData.Value.Title[(int)_device.System.State.DesiredTitleLanguage].NameString.ToString();
+
+                    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(programName))
+                    {
+                        programName = nacpData.Value.Title.ItemsRo.ToArray().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name[0] != 0).NameString.ToString();
+                    }
+
+                    if (nacpData.Value.PresenceGroupId != 0)
+                    {
+                        programId = nacpData.Value.PresenceGroupId;
+                    }
+                    else if (nacpData.Value.SaveDataOwnerId != 0)
+                    {
+                        programId = nacpData.Value.SaveDataOwnerId;
+                    }
+                    else if (nacpData.Value.AddOnContentBaseId != 0)
+                    {
+                        programId = nacpData.Value.AddOnContentBaseId - 0x1000;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // TODO: Add icon maybe ?
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                programName = System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path);
+
+                executable = new NsoExecutable(new LocalStorage(path, FileAccess.Read), programName);
+            }
+
+            // Explicitly null TitleId to disable the shader cache.
+            Graphics.Gpu.GraphicsConfig.TitleId = null;
+            _device.Gpu.HostInitalized.Set();
+
+            ProcessResult processResult = ProcessLoaderHelper.LoadNsos(_device,
+                                                                       _device.System.KernelContext,
+                                                                       dummyExeFs.GetNpdm(),
+                                                                       nacpData.Value,
+                                                                       diskCacheEnabled: false,
+                                                                       allowCodeMemoryForJit: true,
+                                                                       programName,
+                                                                       programId,
+                                                                       null,
+                                                                       executable);
+
+            // Make sure the process id is valid.
+            if (processResult.ProcessId != 0)
+            {
+                // Load RomFS.
+                if (romfsStream != null)
+                {
+                    _device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.SetRomFs(processResult.ProcessId, romfsStream);
+                }
+
+                // Start process.
+                if (_processesByPid.TryAdd(processResult.ProcessId, processResult))
+                {
+                    if (processResult.Start(_device))
+                    {
+                        _latestPid = processResult.ProcessId;
+
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessLoaderHelper.cs b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessLoaderHelper.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7176445e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessLoaderHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+using LibHac.Account;
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.Fs.Shim;
+using LibHac.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Ncm;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using LibHac.Tools.Fs;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
+using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem.NcaUtils;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Executables;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions;
+using Ryujinx.Horizon.Common;
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using ApplicationId = LibHac.Ncm.ApplicationId;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
+{
+    static class ProcessLoaderHelper
+    {
+        public static LibHac.Result RegisterProgramMapInfo(Switch device, PartitionFileSystem partitionFileSystem)
+        {
+            ulong applicationId = 0;
+            int   programCount  = 0;
+
+            Span<bool> hasIndex = stackalloc bool[0x10];
+
+            foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in partitionFileSystem.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
+            {
+                Nca nca = partitionFileSystem.GetNca(device, fileEntry.FullPath);
+
+                if (!nca.IsProgram() && nca.IsPatch())
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                ulong currentProgramId     = nca.Header.TitleId;
+                ulong currentMainProgramId = currentProgramId & ~0xFFFul;
+
+                if (applicationId == 0 && currentMainProgramId != 0)
+                {
+                    applicationId = currentMainProgramId;
+                }
+
+                if (applicationId != currentMainProgramId)
+                {
+                    // Currently there aren't any known multi-application game cards containing multi-program applications,
+                    // so because multi-application game cards are the only way we could run into multiple applications
+                    // we'll just return that there's a single program.
+                    programCount = 1;
+
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                hasIndex[(int)(currentProgramId & 0xF)] = true;
+            }
+
+            if (programCount == 0)
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < hasIndex.Length && hasIndex[i]; i++)
+                {
+                    programCount++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (programCount <= 0)
+            {
+                return LibHac.Result.Success;
+            }
+
+            Span<ProgramIndexMapInfo> mapInfo = stackalloc ProgramIndexMapInfo[0x10];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < programCount; i++)
+            {
+                mapInfo[i].ProgramId     = new ProgramId(applicationId + (uint)i);
+                mapInfo[i].MainProgramId = new ApplicationId(applicationId);
+                mapInfo[i].ProgramIndex  = (byte)i;
+            }
+
+            return device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.NsClient.Fs.RegisterProgramIndexMapInfo(mapInfo[..programCount]);
+        }
+
+        public static LibHac.Result EnsureSaveData(Switch device, ApplicationId applicationId, BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> applicationControlProperty)
+        {
+            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, "Ensuring required savedata exists.");
+
+            ref ApplicationControlProperty control = ref applicationControlProperty.Value;
+
+            if (LibHac.Common.Utilities.IsZeros(applicationControlProperty.ByteSpan))
+            {
+                // If the current application doesn't have a loaded control property, create a dummy one and set the savedata sizes so a user savedata will be created.
+                control = ref new BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty>(1).Value;
+
+                // The set sizes don't actually matter as long as they're non-zero because we use directory savedata.
+                control.UserAccountSaveDataSize        = 0x4000;
+                control.UserAccountSaveDataJournalSize = 0x4000;
+                control.SaveDataOwnerId                = applicationId.Value;
+
+                Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, "No control file was found for this game. Using a dummy one instead. This may cause inaccuracies in some games.");
+            }
+
+            LibHac.Result resultCode = device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.RyujinxClient.Fs.EnsureApplicationCacheStorage(out _, out _, applicationId, in control);
+            if (resultCode.IsFailure())
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Error calling EnsureApplicationCacheStorage. Result code {resultCode.ToStringWithName()}");
+
+                return resultCode;
+            }
+
+            Uid userId = device.System.AccountManager.LastOpenedUser.UserId.ToLibHacUid();
+
+            resultCode = device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.RyujinxClient.Fs.EnsureApplicationSaveData(out _, applicationId, in control, in userId);
+            if (resultCode.IsFailure())
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Error calling EnsureApplicationSaveData. Result code {resultCode.ToStringWithName()}");
+            }
+
+            return resultCode;
+        }
+
+        public static bool LoadKip(KernelContext context, KipExecutable kip)
+        {
+            uint endOffset = kip.DataOffset + (uint)kip.Data.Length;
+
+            if (kip.BssSize != 0)
+            {
+                endOffset = kip.BssOffset + kip.BssSize;
+            }
+
+            uint  codeSize        = BitUtils.AlignUp<uint>(kip.TextOffset + endOffset, KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+            int   codePagesCount  = (int)(codeSize / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+            ulong codeBaseAddress = kip.Is64BitAddressSpace ? 0x8000000UL : 0x200000UL;
+            ulong codeAddress     = codeBaseAddress + kip.TextOffset;
+
+            ProcessCreationFlags flags = 0;
+
+            if (ProcessConst.AslrEnabled)
+            {
+                // TODO: Randomization.
+
+                flags |= ProcessCreationFlags.EnableAslr;
+            }
+
+            if (kip.Is64BitAddressSpace)
+            {
+                flags |= ProcessCreationFlags.AddressSpace64Bit;
+            }
+
+            if (kip.Is64Bit)
+            {
+                flags |= ProcessCreationFlags.Is64Bit;
+            }
+
+            ProcessCreationInfo  creationInfo = new(kip.Name, kip.Version, kip.ProgramId, codeAddress, codePagesCount, flags, 0, 0);
+            MemoryRegion         memoryRegion = kip.UsesSecureMemory ? MemoryRegion.Service : MemoryRegion.Application;
+            KMemoryRegionManager region       = context.MemoryManager.MemoryRegions[(int)memoryRegion];
+
+            Result result = region.AllocatePages(out KPageList pageList, (ulong)codePagesCount);
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization returned error \"{result}\".");
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            KProcess process = new(context);
+
+            var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(
+                context.Device.System.TickSource,
+                context.Device.Gpu,
+                string.Empty,
+                string.Empty,
+                false,
+                codeAddress,
+                codeSize);
+
+            result = process.InitializeKip(creationInfo, kip.Capabilities, pageList, context.ResourceLimit, memoryRegion, processContextFactory);
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization returned error \"{result}\".");
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            result = LoadIntoMemory(process, kip, codeBaseAddress);
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization returned error \"{result}\".");
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            process.DefaultCpuCore = kip.IdealCoreId;
+
+            result = process.Start(kip.Priority, (ulong)kip.StackSize);
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process start returned error \"{result}\".");
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            context.Processes.TryAdd(process.Pid, process);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public static ProcessResult LoadNsos(
+            Switch device,
+            KernelContext context,
+            MetaLoader metaLoader,
+            ApplicationControlProperty applicationControlProperties,
+            bool diskCacheEnabled,
+            bool allowCodeMemoryForJit,
+            string name,
+            ulong programId,
+            byte[] arguments = null,
+            params IExecutable[] executables)
+        {
+            context.Device.System.ServiceTable.WaitServicesReady();
+
+            LibHac.Result resultCode = metaLoader.GetNpdm(out var npdm);
+
+            if (resultCode.IsFailure())
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization failed getting npdm. Result Code {resultCode.ToStringWithName()}");
+
+                return ProcessResult.Failed;
+            }
+
+            ref readonly var meta = ref npdm.Meta;
+
+            ulong argsStart = 0;
+            uint  argsSize  = 0;
+            ulong codeStart = (meta.Flags & 1) != 0 ? 0x8000000UL : 0x200000UL;
+            uint  codeSize  = 0;
+
+            var buildIds = executables.Select(e => (e switch
+            {
+                NsoExecutable nso => Convert.ToHexString(nso.BuildId.ItemsRo.ToArray()),
+                NroExecutable nro => Convert.ToHexString(nro.Header.BuildId),
+                _ => ""
+            }).ToUpper());
+
+            ulong[] nsoBase = new ulong[executables.Length];
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < executables.Length; index++)
+            {
+                IExecutable nso = executables[index];
+
+                uint textEnd = nso.TextOffset + (uint)nso.Text.Length;
+                uint roEnd   = nso.RoOffset + (uint)nso.Ro.Length;
+                uint dataEnd = nso.DataOffset + (uint)nso.Data.Length + nso.BssSize;
+
+                uint nsoSize = textEnd;
+
+                if (nsoSize < roEnd)
+                {
+                    nsoSize = roEnd;
+                }
+
+                if (nsoSize < dataEnd)
+                {
+                    nsoSize = dataEnd;
+                }
+
+                nsoSize = BitUtils.AlignUp<uint>(nsoSize, KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+
+                nsoBase[index] = codeStart + codeSize;
+
+                codeSize += nsoSize;
+
+                if (arguments != null && argsSize == 0)
+                {
+                    argsStart = codeSize;
+
+                    argsSize = (uint)BitUtils.AlignDown(arguments.Length * 2 + ProcessConst.NsoArgsTotalSize - 1, KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+
+                    codeSize += argsSize;
+                }
+            }
+
+            int codePagesCount           = (int)(codeSize / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+            int personalMmHeapPagesCount = (int)(meta.SystemResourceSize / KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+
+            ProcessCreationInfo creationInfo = new(
+                name,
+                (int)meta.Version,
+                programId,
+                codeStart,
+                codePagesCount,
+                (ProcessCreationFlags)meta.Flags | ProcessCreationFlags.IsApplication,
+                0,
+                personalMmHeapPagesCount);
+
+            context.Device.System.LibHacHorizonManager.InitializeApplicationClient(new ProgramId(programId), in npdm);
+
+            Result result;
+
+            KResourceLimit resourceLimit = new(context);
+
+            long applicationRgSize = (long)context.MemoryManager.MemoryRegions[(int)MemoryRegion.Application].Size;
+
+            result = resourceLimit.SetLimitValue(LimitableResource.Memory, applicationRgSize);
+
+            if (result.IsSuccess)
+            {
+                result = resourceLimit.SetLimitValue(LimitableResource.Thread, 608);
+            }
+
+            if (result.IsSuccess)
+            {
+                result = resourceLimit.SetLimitValue(LimitableResource.Event, 700);
+            }
+
+            if (result.IsSuccess)
+            {
+                result = resourceLimit.SetLimitValue(LimitableResource.TransferMemory, 128);
+            }
+
+            if (result.IsSuccess)
+            {
+                result = resourceLimit.SetLimitValue(LimitableResource.Session, 894);
+            }
+
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization failed setting resource limit values.");
+
+                return ProcessResult.Failed;
+            }
+
+            KProcess process = new(context, allowCodeMemoryForJit);
+
+            // NOTE: This field doesn't exists one firmware pre-5.0.0, a workaround have to be found.
+            MemoryRegion memoryRegion = (MemoryRegion)(npdm.Acid.Flags >> 2 & 0xf);
+            if (memoryRegion > MemoryRegion.NvServices)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization failed due to invalid ACID flags.");
+
+                return ProcessResult.Failed;
+            }
+
+            var processContextFactory = new ArmProcessContextFactory(
+                context.Device.System.TickSource,
+                context.Device.Gpu,
+                $"{programId:x16}",
+                applicationControlProperties.DisplayVersionString.ToString(),
+                diskCacheEnabled,
+                codeStart,
+                codeSize);
+
+            result = process.Initialize(
+                creationInfo,
+                MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, uint>(npdm.KernelCapabilityData),
+                resourceLimit,
+                memoryRegion,
+                processContextFactory);
+
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization returned error \"{result}\".");
+
+                return ProcessResult.Failed;
+            }
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < executables.Length; index++)
+            {
+                Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Loading image {index} at 0x{nsoBase[index]:x16}...");
+
+                result = LoadIntoMemory(process, executables[index], nsoBase[index]);
+                if (result != Result.Success)
+                {
+                    Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process initialization returned error \"{result}\".");
+
+                    return ProcessResult.Failed;
+                }
+            }
+
+            process.DefaultCpuCore = meta.DefaultCpuId;
+
+            context.Processes.TryAdd(process.Pid, process);
+
+            // Keep the build ids because the tamper machine uses them to know which process to associate a
+            // tamper to and also keep the starting address of each executable inside a process because some
+            // memory modifications are relative to this address.
+            ProcessTamperInfo tamperInfo = new(
+                process,
+                buildIds,
+                nsoBase,
+                process.MemoryManager.HeapRegionStart,
+                process.MemoryManager.AliasRegionStart,
+                process.MemoryManager.CodeRegionStart);
+
+            // Once everything is loaded, we can load cheats.
+            device.Configuration.VirtualFileSystem.ModLoader.LoadCheats(programId, tamperInfo, device.TamperMachine);
+
+            return new ProcessResult(metaLoader, applicationControlProperties, diskCacheEnabled, allowCodeMemoryForJit, processContextFactory.DiskCacheLoadState, process.Pid, meta.MainThreadPriority, meta.MainThreadStackSize);
+        }
+
+        public static Result LoadIntoMemory(KProcess process, IExecutable image, ulong baseAddress)
+        {
+            ulong textStart = baseAddress + image.TextOffset;
+            ulong roStart   = baseAddress + image.RoOffset;
+            ulong dataStart = baseAddress + image.DataOffset;
+            ulong bssStart  = baseAddress + image.BssOffset;
+
+            ulong end = dataStart + (ulong)image.Data.Length;
+
+            if (image.BssSize != 0)
+            {
+                end = bssStart + image.BssSize;
+            }
+
+            process.CpuMemory.Write(textStart, image.Text);
+            process.CpuMemory.Write(roStart,   image.Ro);
+            process.CpuMemory.Write(dataStart, image.Data);
+
+            process.CpuMemory.Fill(bssStart, image.BssSize, 0);
+
+            Result SetProcessMemoryPermission(ulong address, ulong size, KMemoryPermission permission)
+            {
+                if (size == 0)
+                {
+                    return Result.Success;
+                }
+
+                size = BitUtils.AlignUp<ulong>(size, KPageTableBase.PageSize);
+
+                return process.MemoryManager.SetProcessMemoryPermission(address, size, permission);
+            }
+
+            Result result = SetProcessMemoryPermission(textStart, (ulong)image.Text.Length, KMemoryPermission.ReadAndExecute);
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            result = SetProcessMemoryPermission(roStart, (ulong)image.Ro.Length, KMemoryPermission.Read);
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            return SetProcessMemoryPermission(dataStart, end - dataStart, KMemoryPermission.ReadAndWrite);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessResult.cs b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessResult.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6bbeee1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Ryujinx.HLE/Loaders/Processes/ProcessResult.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using LibHac.Loader;
+using LibHac.Ns;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Cpu;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes.Extensions;
+using Ryujinx.Horizon.Common;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
+{
+    public struct ProcessResult
+    {
+        public static ProcessResult Failed => new(null, new ApplicationControlProperty(), false, false, null, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        private readonly byte _mainThreadPriority;
+        private readonly uint _mainThreadStackSize;
+
+        public readonly IDiskCacheLoadState DiskCacheLoadState;
+
+        public readonly MetaLoader                 MetaLoader;
+        public readonly ApplicationControlProperty ApplicationControlProperties;
+
+        public readonly ulong  ProcessId;
+        public string          Name;
+        public ulong           ProgramId;
+        public readonly string ProgramIdText;
+        public readonly bool   Is64Bit;
+        public readonly bool   DiskCacheEnabled;
+        public readonly bool   AllowCodeMemoryForJit;
+
+        public ProcessResult(
+            MetaLoader                 metaLoader,
+            ApplicationControlProperty applicationControlProperties,
+            bool                       diskCacheEnabled,
+            bool                       allowCodeMemoryForJit,
+            IDiskCacheLoadState        diskCacheLoadState,
+            ulong                      pid,
+            byte                       mainThreadPriority,
+            uint                       mainThreadStackSize)
+        {
+            _mainThreadPriority  = mainThreadPriority;
+            _mainThreadStackSize = mainThreadStackSize;
+
+            DiskCacheLoadState = diskCacheLoadState;
+            ProcessId          = pid;
+
+            MetaLoader                   = metaLoader;
+            ApplicationControlProperties = applicationControlProperties;
+
+            if (metaLoader is not null)
+            {
+                ulong programId = metaLoader.GetProgramId();
+
+                Name          = metaLoader.GetProgramName();
+                ProgramId     = programId;
+                ProgramIdText = $"{programId:x16}";
+                Is64Bit       = metaLoader.IsProgram64Bit();
+            }
+
+            DiskCacheEnabled      = diskCacheEnabled;
+            AllowCodeMemoryForJit = allowCodeMemoryForJit;
+        }
+
+        public bool Start(Switch device)
+        {
+            device.Configuration.ContentManager.LoadEntries(device);
+
+            Result result = device.System.KernelContext.Processes[ProcessId].Start(_mainThreadPriority, _mainThreadStackSize);
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Process start returned error \"{result}\".");
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: LibHac npdm currently doesn't support version field.
+            string version;
+
+            if (ProgramId > 0x0100000000007FFF)
+            {
+                version = ApplicationControlProperties.DisplayVersionString.ToString();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                version = device.System.ContentManager.GetCurrentFirmwareVersion().VersionString;
+            }
+
+            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Application Loaded: {Name} v{version} [{ProgramIdText}] [{(Is64Bit ? "64-bit" : "32-bit")}]");
+
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file